Whether you prefer to shop day by day or for the week, there are a number of different ways to cut back on food waste.
Research shows that 119 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States each year. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $408 billion in food thrown away each year.
“It’s a very large percentage and it’s detrimental to the producers and, of course, for the consumer,” said Angelos Deltsidis, assistant professor in the postharvest physiology department of horticulture with the University of Georgia. “Very often people buy products that are perfectly good to be consumed and they end up throwing them out for various reasons.”

Reducing food waste saves money and the environment
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, reducing food waste can save money and lower the climate change footprint by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and conserving natural resources.
Deltsidis said when food is wasted, the land, water, energy, and other inputs that are used in producing, processing, transporting, preparing, storing, and disposing the food are wasted as well.

“When food isn’t consumed the money and energy spent to plant the seeds, harvest, ship across the country goes down the drain,” said Deltsidis. “Composting is a great way to give back to the earth anything that isn’t consumed. For example, a tomato that has fungal growth instead of throwing it in the trash, consider composting it. Once it’s broken down it goes back to the soil. But you shouldn’t be buying extra food just to compost it.”
Deltsidis recommends first buying only what you need.
“First you want to make sure that you eat the product that you buy,” said Deltsidis. “If that doesn’t happen, you want to find a secondary way to use it. Like an overripe banana can be used to make banana bread. If it’s too late for banana bread, then you can compost it.”
Turning food waste into compost
Composting is a controlled process that converts organic materials into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or mulch through natural decomposition. The end product is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material, according to the EPA.
Microorganisms feed on the materials added to the compost pile during the composting process. They use carbon and nitrogen to grow and reproduce, water to digest materials, and oxygen to breathe.
You can compost at home using food scraps from your kitchen and dry leaves and woody material from your yard.

What does ‘best if used by’ or ‘sell by’ really mean?
Travis A. Smith, associate professor with the Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics at the University of Georgia, says knowing the difference between ‘best if used by’, ‘sell by’, ‘use by’ and ‘freeze by’ can help prevent waste.
“There is no law or regulation for how to use these terms,” said Smith. “When you look at the data, people say one of the biggest reasons that food is thrown out is because of these dates.
“The food industry is moving towards having only two different usages, which is ‘best if used by’ which has to do with the quality. The ‘use by date’ indicates safety, whether something is rotten or spoiled, which can make you sick.”
Reduce food waste by planning ahead, making a grocery list
Proper planning when making a grocery run is key:
- Check the refrigerator and pantry first to avoid buying food you already have.
- Make a list each week of what needs to be used up and plan upcoming meals around it.
- Making a list with weekly meals in mind can save time and money.
- Keep an ongoing list of meals and ingredients that your family enjoys; making shopping and preparing meals easier.
- Base your shopping list on how many meals you plan to eat at home.
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What to do with leftovers
“Leftovers are at the top of the list of foods that get thrown out,” said Smith. “After that fresh produce and meat. So you have the case where the produce has been sitting there. You were going to use it, but you didn’t. The other thing that happens is people will have leftovers and throw them in the refrigerator, thinking, ‘I’ll leave that for tomorrow.’ ‘ It gets pushed to the back of the refrigerator and then finally it spoils.”

Smith said freezing those leftovers right away is an option to help foods last longer.
“The single household wastes more food than two people,” said Smith. “More people in the household, more mouths to feed. If you imagine going to the grocery store, you have fixed package sizes. If you want to buy a pack of chicken breasts, whether your household size is six or one, you’re going to buy that one pack with three chicken breasts. It’s easier to eat all that in one meal with four people than just one person.”
This reporting content is supported by a partnership with several funders and Journalism Funding Funding Partners.
Erica Van Buren is the climate change reporter for The Augusta Chronicle, part of the USA TODAY Network. Connect with her at [email protected] or on Twitter: @EricaVanBuren32.
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